المدة الزمنية المدركة لوقوع الاحداث لدى طلبة الجامعة من المتافئلين والمتشائمين

المدة الزمنية المدركة لوقوع الاحداث لدى
طلبة الجامعة من المتافئلين والمتشائمين

رسالة مقدمة إلى

مجلس كلیة التربیة في جامعة القادسیة وھي جزء من متطلبات نیل

درجة ماجستیر آداب في علم النفس التربوي

رسالة  مقدمة من قبل 

حليم صخيل مالك العنكوشي

باشراف 

أ.د عبد العزيز حيدر الموسوي

مستخلص البحثالـزمن ظـاهرة اجتماعیـة، وان الجماعـة هـي المركـز الأول المُ نشـيء لمعنـاه، فـالزمن لا ینفصـل عـن دورة
النشاطات الاجتماعیة الرئیسة، ویمثل الزمن بجانبیه )الموضوعي و النفسـي( عنصـرا ً مـاً مه فـي حیاتنـا الیومیـة،
وهـو آیـة مـن الآیــات الدالـة علـى حكمــة االله وبـدیع صـنعه وقـد أقســم االله بـه فـي ســورة العصـر قـال تعــالى ))
والعصر إن الإنسان لفي خسر((، فالزمن هو المادة المعنویة التي یتشكل منها إطار كـل حیـاة وحیـز كـل فعـل،
ظـاهرة تنصـب علـى كـل شـيء ومظـاهره بینـة فـي كـل منـاحي الحیـاة، اختلـف التفكیـر فیـه وتحكمـت تصـورات
متعددة في النظر الیه، ودخلت مفاهیم كثیرة في تفسیره، حسب الزوایا المنهجیة المختلفة.
دّةتشكل المو الزمنیة المدركة لوقوع الأحداث إحدى جوانب الزمن النفسـي وهـي تتـأث الزمنبـر الموضـوعي
وسمات الفرد الشخصیة، وكذلك بالقیمة المدركة للنشاط وأهمیة الحدث.
عد التفاؤلویُ -التشاؤم أحد السمات النفسیة المهمة، إذ یـؤدي مهدوراً مـاً فـي حیاتنـا الیومیـة وفـي تصـرفاتنا
ورسم الخطـط والأهـداف المسـتقبلیة، وهـو یـؤثر ویتـأثر بـالزمن النفسـي بشـكل عـام والمـدة الزمنیـة المدركـة لوقـوع
الأحداث بشكل خاص.
اوهكذا ستهدف البحث الحالي ما یأتي :
ولاأ ◌ً . الكشف عن مدى انتشار سمة التفاؤل ـ التشاؤم لدى طلبة جامعة القادسیة.
ثانیاً. تعرف على الفروق بین طلبة الجامعة في سمة التفاؤل ـ التشاؤم تبعاً لمتغیري الجنس لتخصص.وا
ثالثا◌ً . تعرف على طول المدة الزمنیة المدركة لوقوع الأحداث لدى الطلبة المتفائلین والمتشائمین.
رابعاً. تعرف على الفروق في إدراك المـدة الزمنیـة لوقـوع الأحـداث لـدى الطلبـة المتفـائلین تبعـاً لمتغیـري الجـنس
والتخصص.

Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research

University of Qadisiya

College of Education

Department of Education and Psychology

The Perceived Time Period for the Occurrence of

Events among Optimists and Pessimists

University Students

A thesis presented to

The college of Education council at the University of Qadisiya,

as a part of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in

Educational Psychology

BY

Haleem Skheil Malik Al- Anckooshi

Supervised by:

Prof. Dr. Abid Al-Aziez Haidar Al-Moussawi

ABSTRACT

Time is a social phenomenon, and that the group is the first centre and

Originator of its meaning.

Time is inseparable from main social activities course and represents

(objectively and psychologically) an important element in our daily lives.

It is a symbol of wisdom and supreme creation of Allah by which He swears in

Al-Asr sura as in ((By the Token of Time ¤ Verily man is in loss)).

Time is an abstract entity that Frames life and acts. It is a phenomenon of

everything and reflected in all the aspects of life. It is debatable and

carrier different visions and prone to different concepts in interpreting it

according to the different approaches.

The perceived period of time for event occurrence represents an

aspect of the psychological time and is affected by objective time and

the individual traits and the perceived value of the activity and the

significance of the occurrence.

The research covers the following:

1- Investing optimism – pessimism of students of Al-Qadisiyah University.

2- Revealing differences among students with view to optimism –

pessimism according to variables of gender and specialization.

3- Examining the perceived period of occurance of optimist and pessimist

students.

4- Investigating the difference in perceiving the period of events occurance in

optimist students according to gender and specialization.

5- Investigating the difference in perceiving period of occurance in pessimist

students according to gender and specialization.

6- Discovering the difference in perceiving the period of occurance in optimist

and pessimist according to variables of gender and specialization.

To achieve these objectives the Researcher dose the following:

1- Setting a scale for measuring perceived time for occurance of university

students.

2- Setting a scale for optimism – pessimism for university students.

Validity and stability were realized for these toots and applied together to the

main sample of the research (400) students of Al _ Qadisiya University for the

academic your (2009 – 2010) morning studies.

After analyzing data using statistics and (SPSS) tenth edition, the fallowing

is obtained:

1. The distribution of optimism – pessimism traits of students of Al _

Qadisiya university is almost moderate, at shows that most sample members

are in the middle of the optimism – pessimism scale , But when

classifying University students in to optimists and pessimists, are

larger in number then pessimists.

2. There are statistically significant differences between male and female

students in having Optimism – Pessimism trait for the advantage of male,

when measuring pessimism males are more pessimists then females,

Difference in specialization (scientific and humanities) are clear for the

advantage of humanities .

3. Optimists count time period for the occurrence of future events as short or

moderate while the pessimists count it long or moderate

4. . There are statistically significant differences between optimists (male

and female) in perceiving the period as long for the advantage of females

whereas no differences in scientific on humanistic specialization of optimists

in perceiving time period for event occurance.

5. There are statistically significant differences among pessimists (male and

female) in perceiving time period as short for the advantage of male. There

are also statistically significant differences in scientific on scientific

specialization for the advantage of the scientific.

6. There are statistically significant differences among optimists and

pessimists in perceiving time period for event occurance as long the

advantage pessimists. There are also statistically significant differences

among males and females, for the advantage of females while there are no

statistically significant differences in specialization (scientific or scientific)

in perceiving time period for event occurance.

The recommendations of suggestions are presented according to the

result in order to pursue research in this field

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